Haiti Solar Report

Discover comprehensive insights into the statistics, market trends, and growth potential surrounding the solar panel manufacturing industry in Haiti

  1. https://www.sunpope.com/haiti/, s., „Sunshine hours in Haiti“, Retrieved on 14 October 2024.
  2. https://solargis.com/resources/free-maps-and-gis-data?locality=haiti, s., „Solar Radiation Data for Haiti“, Retrieved on 14 October 2024.
  3. https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/haiti-energy, t., „Relaibiltiy of Grid in Haiti“, Retrieved on 15 October 2024.
  4. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS?locations=HT, d., „Electricity Reliability in Haiti“, Retrieved on 14 October 2024.
  5. https://www.nrel.gov/news/program/2024/haiti-builds-a-path-to-a-clean-resilient-energy-future.html, n., „Grid Reliability in Haiti“, Retrieved on 14 October 2024.
  6. https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2024/Jul/IRENA_Renewable_Energy_Statistics_2024.pdf, i., „Solar Energy Capacity of Haiti“, Retrieved on 14 October 2024.
  7. https://www.pv-magazine.com/2020/07/21/haiti-addresses-power-shortages-with-130-mw-of-pv-capacity/, p., „Future Solar production in Haiti“, Retrieved on 16 October 2024.
  8. https://haiticlimat.org/site/repost-lere-de-la-performance-des-energies-renouvelables-solaire-et-eolienne-terrestre-vectrice-de-multiples-benefices-socio-economiques/#:~:text=A%20titre%20d’information%2C%20en,%C2%A2%2FkWh%20%5B4%5D., ha, „Solar Energy Cost“, Retrieved on 19 October 2024.
  9. https://www.global-climatescope.org/markets/ht/, g., „Electricity price and production in Haiti“, Retrieved on 14 October 2024.
  10. https://www.usaid.gov/energy/resources/arc-solar-infographic-haiti, u., „Mini Solar Home System“, Retrieved on 18 October 2024.
  11. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy24osti/89246.pdf, n., „Off Grid Market Size“, Retrieved on 19 October 2024.
  12. https://worldsalaries.com/average-solar-engineer-salary-in-haiti/, w., „Average monthly salary of Solar Engineer in Haiti“, Retrieved on 15 October 2024.
  13. https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/haiti-population/, w., „Population of Haiti“, Retrieved on 14 October 2024.
  14. https://www.bestofhaitirealestate.com/property-type/warehouse/, b., „Factory or ware house rent in Haiti“, Retrieved on 16 October 2024.
  15. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eau_potable_et_assainissement_en_Ha%C3%AFti, w., „Water Tariff in Haiti“, Retrieved on 19 October 2024.
  16. https://reflexehaiti.com/index.php?p=details&bien=288, r., „Office Space Rent in Haiti“, Retrieved on 19 October 2024.
  17. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9ligre_Dam, i., Hydro Power in Haiti“, Retrieved on 14 October 2024.
  18. https://www.iea.org/countries/haiti/electricity, i., „Electricity Consumption in Haiti“, Retrieved on 18 October 2024.
  19. https://ourworldindata.org/energy/country/haiti, o., „Electricity Mix in Haiti“, Retrieved on 16 October 2024.
  20. https://www.bu.edu/igs/files/2018/03/FINAL-Haiti-Electricity-Report-March-2018.pdf, b., „Leading Players in Electricity Sector of Haiti“, Retrieved on 18 October 2024.
  21. https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/refined-petroleum/reporter/hti, o., „Energy Imports in Haiti“, Retrieved on 17 October 2024.
  22. https://www.pv-magazine.com/2017/10/06/haiti-eliminates-custom-duties-on-imports-of-pv-products/, p., „Solar Incentives“, Retrieved on 15 October 2024.
  23. https://theworld.org/stories/2018/07/02/haiti-solar-panels-key-part-plan-bring-electric-power-remote-areas, t., „Solar initiatives“, Retrieved on 15 October 2024.
  24. https://www.pv-magazine.fr/2019/05/24/17-millions-de-dollars-pour-electrifier-haiti-avec-des-solutions-hors-reseau/, p., „Electrification of Haiti“, Retrieved on 18 October 2024.
  25. https://ogefhaiti.com/?lang=en, o., „Off-grid electricity fund“, Retrieved on 19 October 2024.
  26. https://www.pih.org/article/grid-expanded-solar-power-system-haiti, p., „Solar farm in Haiti“, Retrieved on 15 October 2024.
  27. https://www.freddy.ht/solar-microgrid-100kw-les-anglais/, f., “ Solar farm“, Retrieved on 15 October 2024.
  28. https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-40713-haiti-clean-energy-3-new-solar-power-plants-in-the-northeast.html, h., „Solar Energy Projects in Haiti“, Retrieved on 18 October 2024.
  29. https://anarse.gouv.ht/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/ANARSE%20-%20Rapport%20annuel%20-%202023.pdf, a., „Solar power plant in Dondon“, Retrieved on 18 October 2024.
  30. https://ht.usembassy.gov/usaid-contributes-6-5-million-for-the-construction-of-a-new-solar-power-plant-at-the-caracol-industrial-park/, h., „Solar PV Farm Under construction“, Retrieved on 18 October 2024.
  31. https://www.gem.wiki/Caracol_Industrial_Park_solar_farm, g., „Solar Farm under construction“, Retrieved on 18 October 2024.
  32. https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/sap013, g., „Solar mini grids“, Retrieved on 19 October 2024.
  33. https://www.gem.wiki/Port-Au-Prince_solar_farm, g., „Port Au solar Farm“, Retrieved on 18 October 2024.
  34. https://www.gem.wiki/Cap-Ha%C3%AFtien_solar_farm, g., „Cap-Haïtien solar farm „, Retrieved on 18 October 2024.
  35. https://www.gem.wiki/Gona%C3%AFves_solar_farm, g., „Gonaïves solar farm“, Retrieved on 18 October 2024.
  36. http://www.solengy.com/index.html, s., „Solengy in Haiti“, Retrieved on 19 October 2024.
  37. https://digitalkap.com/blog/, d., „Official Website“, Retrieved on 19 October 2024.
  38. https://bsthaiti.com/, b., „Official Website“, Retrieved on 19 October 2024.
  39. https://her-energie.com/, e., „Official Website“, Retrieved on 19 October 2024.
  40. https://solarunderthesun.org/projects/haiti.cfm, s., „Solar under the sun“, Retrieved on 19  October 2024.
  41. https://justiceandmercy.energy/, j., „Official Website“, Retrieved on 19 October 2024.
  42. https://www.brightenhaiti.org/, b., „Official Website“, Retrieved on 19 October 2024.

Key points

  • All figures have been converted into USD

Yearly sunshine (sun hours per year)

Sunshine Duration: Haiti receives an average of 3,103 hours of sunshine annually, equivalent to 8.5 hours per day. 1

Direct Normal Irradiation (DNI): Haiti receives an average Direct Normal Irradiation of 4.8 kWh/m² daily and 1752.8 kWh/m² yearly, indicating strong potential for solar energy generation using concentrating solar power systems.2

Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI): Haiti receives an average Global Horizontal Irradiation of 5.2 kWh/m² daily and 1899 kWh/m² yearly. 2

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kWh per kWp installed

The average output potential is 4.2 kWh/kWp daily and 1533.6 kWh/kWp yearly, demonstrating strong efficiency for solar photovoltaic installations.2

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Average cost per kWh from utility company

  • Average Residential Price: 0.17 USD/kWh
  • Average Industrial Price: 0.24 USD/kWh
  • Average Commercial Price: 0.23 USD/kWh 3

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Reliability of electrical power supply grid

Limited electricity supply: According to the World Bank report, only 49% of Haiti’s population has access to electricity.

Rural areas have a 2% electricity access rate, while urban areas reach 80%. 45

Only 60% of the installed capacity is reliable. 3

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Rotation for distribution and Load management: The total unmet demand for residential and commercial electricity in the country is estimated at 550MW daily.

Installed capacity: Outdated distribution network: The distribution network has not been rehabilitated for over 40 years.  3

Energy theft: Many people with access to electricity illegally siphon from the grid and are therefore not billed and/or do not pay. 3

 

Detailed Information

  • All figures have been converted into USD

    • Total solar panel production capacity (installed)

    The International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA estimated that the total solar panel production capacity installed in Haiti was 3.89 MW in 2023. 6

    Total solar panel production capacity (projected)

    It is estimated that the Haiti government along with other organizations is planning and working to install 130 MW of solar energy in Haiti.7

    Average costs of various electricity generation sources (coal, natural gas, solar, etc)

    • Natural Gas: No Data found.
    • Solar Energy: 0.025 USD/kWh.(2018) 8

    Percentages of various electricity generation sources (coal, natural gas, solar, etc)

    In 2022 in Haiti, Oil & Diesel dominated the installed capacity, accounting for 83.89% of the total capacity, equivalent to 328 MW. Large Hydro followed with 13.81% (54 MW), while Small Hydro contributed 1.53% (6 MW). Solar PV made up the smallest share, with 0.77% of the capacity (3 MW). This distribution highlights a heavy reliance on fossil fuels, with renewable sources playing a much smaller role in the overall capacity.9

    Source Capacity (MW) Percentage (%)
    Oil & Diesel 328 83.89
    Large Hydro 54 13.81
    Small Hydro 6 1.53
    Solar PV 3 0.77

    Average daily availability of electricity from the national grid (measured in hours)

    In Haiti, electricity from the national grid is available only for 3 to 8 hours each day.5

    Number of residential solar panel installations

    6600 Haitians have bought a Mini Solar Home System from Arc Finance funded by USAID and International Development Bank.10

    Total number of solar farms (installed and projected)

    Installed: It is estimated from the data that 5 small-scale Solar Farms (Mini-grids) are operating in Haiti.

    Projected: It is estimated from the data that 2 Solar Farms and 22 Solar microgrids are under construction and 3 Solar farms have been announced to be constructed in Haiti.

    Off-grid market demand for solar panels (current and projected)

    The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) has estimated that Haiti’s Off-grid solar panel production capacity was 1.49 MW in 2023. 6

    Projected: No Data found.

    Market Size: USAID has estimated the potential market size for off-grid solar solutions in Haiti, is approximately 700,000 households, 247,000 small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and over 4,300 institutional customers. 11

    On-grid market demand for solar panels (current and projected)

    The International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA estimated that Haiti’s On-grid solar panel production capacity was 2.39 MW in 2023. 6

    Projected: No Data found.

    Average monthly income of workers in solar industry (labor cost)

    The average monthly salary for a Solar Engineer in Haiti is around 450 USD.12

    Population of the country

    According to Worldometer, the estimated population of Haiti is approximately 11,810,756 as of Monday, October 14, 2024.13

    Average overhead costs of solar panel production (with a brief breakdown)

    Estimate for Factory Rent:

    The average factory or warehouse rent in Haiti is 10.5 USD/m2/month.14

    Industrial Electricity Rates: 0.24 USD/kWh 3

    Water Costs:

    Water rates vary from 1 USD to 7.30 USD per month in Urban areas and 0.5 USD to 2.5 USD per month in rural areas. Water meters are not installed in many areas of Haiti.15

    Key Components of Administrative Costs

    Salaries and Wages:

    The average monthly salary for a Solar Engineer in Haiti is around 450 USD.12

    Rent for Office Space: The average rent for office space in Haiti is 11.3 USD/m2/month. 16

    A summary of the energy infrastructure

    • Total installed electricity generation capacity: 391 MW (2022) 9
    • Total electricity generation:828 GWh 9 (2022)
    • Per Capita consumption: 74 kWh 18
    • Per capita Electricity Generation: 90 kWh.19

    Generation mix: 9

    For electricity generation in 2022 in Haiti, Oil & Diesel contributed the most, providing 79.83% of the total generation, amounting to 661 GWh. Large Hydro accounted for 18.24% of generation (151 GWh), which indicates a significant contribution from this renewable source. Small Hydro generated 1.33% (11 GWh), while Solar PV generated 0.60% (5 GWh).

    Source Generation

    (GWh)

    		 Percentage (%)
    Oil & Diesel 661 79.83
    Large Hydro 151 18.24
    Small Hydro 11 1.33
    Solar PV 5 0.6

    Leading players: 20

    Haiti’s electricity sector is dominated by Electricité d’Haïti (EDH), the state-owned utility that serves 20-40% of the population. Its service is unreliable and has significant operational losses.

    Independent Power Producers: Independent Power Producers (IPPs) like Sogener (110 MW), E-Power (31 MW), and Haytrac (20 MW) generate most of the country’s electricity, selling it to EDH.

    Independent microgrid developers: Independent microgrid developers such as EarthSpark International, Sigora Haiti, SELF, and OK Haiti focus on rural electrification through renewable energy solutions, with Sigora, serving 2,000 customers in northwestern Haiti.

    Government and International Organizations: The Government of Haiti, through agencies like MTPTC and ANARSE, oversees the sector, while international organizations like USAID and the World Bank provide financial and technical support, particularly for microgrid development.

    Transmission & Distribution

    EDH Transmission and Distribution Network: 20

    EDH operates 1,700 km of transmission and distribution lines in the Port-au-Prince (PAP) area and 732 km in regional grids. These regional grids range between 2-20 MW.

    PAP Grid: The Port-au-Prince (PAP) grid includes a 53 km 69 kV sub-transmission ring, which serves as the backbone of the grid and connects to the Peligre hydroelectric plant via a 115 kV transmission line.

    Regional and Village Grids: EDH manages 10 regional grids (2-20 MW each) and 30 village grids (less than 500 kW), with the regional grids using 23 kV lines. These serve towns like Jacmel, Les Cayes, and Cap-Haïtien.

    Major power plants:

    • Thermal Power Plants:

    Major Thermal plants operating in Haiti are the following: 20

    Name of Unit Location of Unit Owner Plant Type Installed Capacity (MW) Operating Capacity (MW)
    Varreau PAP EDH distillate 68 34
    Carrefour PAP EDH distillate 48 24
    Sogener PAP (Varreau) Sogener (IPP) distillate 40 20
    E-Power PAP IPP heavy fuel oil (HFO) 30 30
    Centrale Alexandre P. Carrefour IPP HFO 30 30
    Centrale José Marti Cap Haïtien IPP HFO 15 15
    Centrale Simón Bolívar Gonaives IPP HFO 15 15
    Caracol Caracol IPP HFO 10 10

    Hydropower Plants:

    Péligre Dam: 17

    • Location: Artibonite River, Haiti
    • Type: Gravity dam (72 meters tall)
    • Construction: 1950s
    • Capacity: 51 MW (three 17 MW turbines)
    • Reservoir: Lake Péligre 

    Energy Imports:

    Haiti imported $525M of Refined Petroleum in 2022, becoming the 133rd largest importer globally. Fuel is primarily imported from the US, Jamaica, El Salvador, the DR, and the UAE. 21

    Some of the government regulations surrounding solar panel production

    There is sparse publicly available data about it.

    Government initiatives in solar panel production (includes investments and subsidies)

    In 2017, the Government of Haiti exempted solar modules and inverters from import duties. 22

    A project called „Ma Maison Eclairée“ aims to bring electricity to remote communities in Haiti through the use of solar panels. This project has provided solar lights to 3000 homes and aims to reach 10,000 homes by 2030. 23

    The Haitian government and the World Bank have launched a $17 million fund to improve energy access,aiming to provide electricity to over 200,000 households before 2029.24

    Off-Grid Electricity Fund (OGEF) fund aims to electrify 200,000 homes and businesses by investing in commercially viable off-grid electricity companies. It supports mini-grid development and the distribution of solar products.25

    Notable solar projects in the country (installed and projected)

    Hôpital Universitaire de Mirebalais (HUM) Solar farm 26

    • Location: hospital roof in Mirebalais, Haiti
    • Capacity: 1,316 kWp (1800 solar panels)
    • Operator: Operated by Partners in Health (PIH). Build Health International (BHI) designed and installed thIS solar power system.

    EKo Pwòp, EarthSpark’s micro-utility 27

    • Location: Les Anglais, Haiti
    • Capacity: 93 kW of solar panel and 400 KW of battery bank
    • Operator: operated by Partners in Health (PIH). The solar power system was designed and installed by Build Health International (BHI).

    ERAF project: 2829

    The ERAF project, launched in 2018 and funded by the Government of Japan (5.5M USD) and UNDP Haiti (916 K USD), built three photovoltaic solar power plants in Vallières, Mont-Organisé, and Capotille, providing clean energy to 2,000 households.

    Power Plant Details:

    • Mont-Organisé: 289 kWp solar, 800 kWh storage, 430 kVA diesel backup.
    • Capotille: 202 kWp solar, 430 kWh storage, 250 kVA diesel backup.
    • Vallières: 202 kWp solar, 430 kWh storage, 250 kVA diesel backup.

    Additionally, 20 km of electrical lines were installed, and the project promotes women’s economic empowerment through training and jobs in solar energy.

    Projected Solar Projects:

    Caracol Industrial Park Solar Farm: It is a solar photovoltaic (PV) project currently under construction in Commune Caracol. This project is funded by  USAID and International Development Bank.3031

    This project consists of two phases:

    • Phase 1: Planned capacity of 8 MW.
    • Phase 2: Planned capacity of 4 MW.

    Solar Power Plant in Dondon 29

    • Capacity: 785 kWp (1151 kWh)
    • Location: Dondon
    • Funding: Caribbean Renewable Energy Fund
    • Status: under construction

    Green Climate Fund: 32

    Green Climate Fund is working to develop 22 community-scale solar plus battery storage micro-grids in southern Haiti in communities where currently no grid power exists. This project started in the year 2020 and is expected to be completed in the year 2028.

    Announced Projects

    Three solar projects are announced by Haiti Government whose total capacity is 90 MW.

    Port-Au-Prince solar farm 33

    • Capacity: 50 MW
    • Location: Port-au-Prince, Haiti

    Cap-Haïtien solar farm 34

    • Capacity: 20 MW
    • Location: Cap-Haïtien, Haiti

    Gonaïves solar farm 35

    • Capacity: 20 MW
    • Location: Gonaïves, Haiti

    Some of the notable solar companies (plus brief details on what they do)

    SolengyHaiti: 36

    Solengy is a leading solar company in Haiti, providing end-to-end solar solutions, including design, assembly, and installation. As a key player in solar energy Haiti, Solengy has completed 84 projects with 690 installed solar systems, delivering 438 KWp of power and providing 3,945 KWh of energy storage. They offer solar systems for residential, commercial, and industrial applications, aiming to provide reliable power.

    DigitalKapSolar: 37

    DigitalKap specializes in solar energy solutions for a wide range of clients, from individual homeowners to large businesses. The company provides custom solar panel systems, site evaluations, engineering, and installation services. They are committed to bringing renewable energy to Haiti and have been involved in innovative projects such as solar-powered street lighting and electric-powered mobility.

    BST Haiti – Your Solar World: 38

    BST Haiti positions itself as a provider of renewable energy technologies, particularly focusing on solar power. They offer complete solar system installations, including photovoltaic panels and off-grid solutions, ensuring reliable energy in both urban and rural areas.

    HER Energie: 39

    HER Energie is dedicated to empowering Haitian communities through solar energy solutions, focusing on women and marginalized groups. They work on projects that help make clean energy affordable and accessible, particularly in off-grid regions. ​

    Solar Under the Sun (Haiti Projects): 40

    Solar Under the Sun is a nonprofit organization that focuses on installing solar systems in underserved regions of Haiti. This organization has installed 40 solar projects for schools and NGOs in Haiti. They primarily target off-grid communities, working with local partners to provide reliable and sustainable energy solutions for schools, churches, and medical facilities.

    Justice and Mercy Energy: 41

    Justice and Mercy Energy is focused on offering solar energy to the most vulnerable communities in Haiti, helping them gain access to clean, renewable power. They work on projects that support humanitarian efforts, such as improving healthcare facilities and schools by providing sustainable energy solutions.

    Brighten Haiti: 42

    Brighten Haiti is a nonprofit organization dedicated to providing solar-powered lights and solar panels to communities without reliable electricity access. Their goal is to improve the quality of life in rural areas by enabling access to clean, renewable energy. They focus on small-scale, impactful projects like installing solar lights in homes and community centers to promote education and safety

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