Poland Solar Report

Discover comprehensive insights into the statistics, market trends, and growth potential surrounding the solar panel manufacturing industry in Poland

  1. Climate to Travel. Poland climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time. https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/poland
  2. Weather and Climate. Average Monthly Hours Sunshine, Warsaw, Poland. https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-hours-Sunshine,warsaw,Poland
  3. Climate Top. Sunlight, sunshine hours, UV Index for Krakow, Poland. https://www.climate.top/poland/krakow/sunlight/
  4. Jurand Bień and Beata Bień (2024, January). Energy Production from Pv Systems Located in Poland Based on Solar Irradiation Data Obtained from PVGIS. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-yearly-average-energy-yield-kWh-from-solar-PV-system-of-1-kWp-power-at-different_tbl1_377225712
  5. Country Economy. (2023, December). Poland Household electricity price. https://countryeconomy.com/energy-and-environment/electricity-price-household/poland
  6. DNV. Grid Congestion in the Polish Power Grid. https://www.dnv.com/article/grid-congestion-in-the-polish-power-grid/
  7. PV Magazine. (2024, April 4). Poland Tops 17 GW of PV Capacity. https://www.pv-magazine.com/2024/04/04/poland-tops-17-gw-of-pv-capacity/
  8. Institute for Renewable Energy. (2023). PV Report. https://ieo.pl/en/pv-report/pv-report-2023
  9. WysokieNapiecie.pl. (2023, August 30). Poland Has the Most Expensive Electricity in Europe – We Will Spend 3 Billion PLN on Imports. https://wysokienapiecie.pl/en/96592-poland-has-the-most-expensive-electricity-in-europe-we-will-spend-3-billion-pln-on-imports/
  10. Instrat – Institute for Structural Research. Electricity and heat prices in Poland. https://energy.instrat.pl/en/prices/
  11. Statista. (2024, April 8). Estimated average cost of electricity production (LCDE) per megawatt-hour from wind and solar installations in Poland in 2023, by size and type https://www.statista.com/statistics/1459864/poland-cost-of-electricity-production-from-renewable-installations/
  12. Renata Gnatowska, Agnieszka Wąs (2017, January). Wind energy in Poland – economic analysis of wind farm. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315304050_Wind_Energy_in_Poland_-_economic_analysis_of_wind_farm
  13. International Renewable Energy Agency. (2012). Renewable Energy Technologies: Cost Analysis Series – Hydropower. https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2012/RE_Technologies_Cost_Analysis-HYDROPOWER.pdf
  14. Notes from Poland. (2024, January 3). Poland produced record 26% of electricity from renewables in 2023. https://notesfrompoland.com/2024/01/03/poland-produced-record-26-of-electricity-from-renewables-in-2023/
  15. Waldemar Dołęga (2018). National Grid Electrical Power Infrastructure https://epj.min-pan.krakow.pl/pdf-96211-28988?filename=National+grid+electrical.pdf
  16. PVcase. (2023, June 22). The Solar Industry in Poland: Key Facts and Numbers. https://pvcase.com/blog/the-solar-industry-in-poland-key-facts-and-numbers/
  17. PV Magazine. (2023, November 9). Poland’s Grid-Connected PV Project Pipeline Hits 18 GW. https://www.pv-magazine.com/2023/11/09/polands-grid-connected-pv-project-pipeline-hits-18-gw/
  18. TaiyangNews. (2023, July 13). Polish Solar Installations On Growth Path. https://taiyangnews.info/polish-solar-installations-on-growth-path/
  19. World Salaries. Average Solar Engineer Salary in Poland. https://worldsalaries.com/average-solar-engineer-salary-in-poland/
  20. Salary Expert. Poland Solar Energy System Installer Salary. https://www.salaryexpert.com/salary/job/solar-energy-system-installer/poland
  21. Worldometer. Poland Population (2024) – Worldometer. https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/poland-population/
  22. International Trade Administration. (2024, January 6). Poland – Energy Sector. https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/poland-energy-sector
  23. International Energy Agency. (2022, June 30). Poland Electricity Security Policy. https://www.iea.org/articles/poland-electricity-security-policy
  24. PV Europe. (2017, April 28). New Regulation for Training Solar Installers in Poland. https://www.pveurope.eu/solar-modules/new-regulation-training-solar-installers-poland
  25. Rödl & Partner. (2023). Photovoltaics in Poland. https://www.roedl.pl/en-gb/pl/media/publications/brochures/Documents/photovoltaics-2023.pdf
  26. DS NEG. (2022, June 6). Overview of Solar Investments in Poland. https://www.dsneg.com/info/overview-of-solar-investments-in-poland-71271978.html
  27. Expat in Poland. (2023, February 24). Photovoltaic in Poland. https://www.expatinpoland.pl/photovoltaic-in-poland/
  28. Intersolar. Solar power is becoming increasingly popular in Poland. https://www.intersolar.de/news/solar-power-is-becoming-increasingly-popular-in-poland
  29. BayWa r.e. BayWa r.e. builds Poland’s biggest subsidy-free solar park. https://www.baywa-re.jp/en/about-us/news/details-1/baywa-re-builds-polands-biggest-subsidy-free-solar-park
  30. MarketScreener. (2023, December 28). Tauron to Start Building Another Solar Panel Farm with Total Capacity of 90 MW. https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/TAURON-POLSKA-ENERGIA-S-A-6627166/news/Tauron-to-Start-Building-Another-Solar-Panel-Farm-with-Total-Capacity-of-90-MW-45645573/
  31. PV Magazine. (2021, November 15). Poland’s largest PV plant comes online. https://www.pv-magazine.com/2021/11/15/polands-largest-pv-plant-comes-online/
  32. Power Technology. (2024, June 18) Power plant profile: Pomeranian Voivodeship solar PV park, Poland. https://www.power-technology.com/data-insights/power-plant-profile-pomeranian-voivodeship-solar-pv-park-poland/
  33. Power Technology. (2024, February 15) Top 5 solar PV plants in development in Poland. https://www.power-technology.com/data-insights/top-5-solar-pv-plants-in-development-in-poland/
  34. PV Tech. (2023, March 6). TotalEnergies acquires 200MW solar PV under development in Poland. https://www.pv-tech.org/totalenergies-acquires-200mw-solar-pv-under-development-in-poland/
  35. Polska Grupa Energetyczna (PGE). https://pge-sa.pl/
  36. IBC Solar. http://www.ibc-solar.pl/
  37. Felicity ESS. https://www.felicityess.com/
  38. Sonnedix. https://sonnedix.com/global-portfolio/poland
  39. ENF Solar. Polski Solar. https://www.enfsolar.com/polski-solar
  40. Solair Energy. https://solair-energy.pl/
  41. Great Solar. https://greatsolar.eu/?lang=en
  42. Solarna Polska. http://solarnapolska.pl/
  43. Kensol. https://kensol.pl/
  44. Dudkowiak. (2023, September 01). Rent of Warehouse in Poland. https://www.dudkowiak.com/blog/rent-of-warehouse-in-poland/
  45. TheGlobalEconomy.com. (2024, March). Poland Mortgage interest rate. https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Poland/mortgage_interest_rate/
  46. Statista. (2024, April). Wholesale electricity prices in Poland from January 2018 to March 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1066654/poland-wholesale-electricity-prices/
  47. Statista. (2023, December 12). Prices for water and sewage in Poland’s largest cities in 2023 (in zloty per cubic meter). https://www.statista.com/statistics/1373703/poland-prices-for-water-and-sewage-by-city/

Key points

  • All figures have been converted into USD

Yearly sunshine (sun hours per year)

The average annual sunshine hours in Poland range from 1,750 to 1,850 hours.1 Warsaw, the capital city, receives an average of 1,595 sun hours per year.2 Krakow, another major city, receives an average of 1,489 sun hours per year.3

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kWh per kWp installed

The average yearly energy yield from a 1 kWp solar PV system in Poland is around 1,000 kWh per year. The average kWh/kWp for different orientations (30-degree tilt) are: East: 972.57 kWh/kWp, South: 1214.39 kWh/kWp, West: 947.13 kWh/kWp.4

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Average cost per kWh from utility company

The average cost of electricity in Poland, as of December 2023, is $0.23 per kilowatt-hour. The electricity price has increased by 22.22% since the previous semester.5

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Reliability of electrical power supply grid

Grid congestion is a significant issue in Poland. Almost 6,000 connection refusals were issued by grid operators between 2015 and 2021, blocking around 30 gigawatts of capacity (mostly renewables). In June 2020, Poland experienced a widespread blackout that impacted millions of people, highlighting the vulnerability of the grid to disruptions.6

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Detailed Information

  • All figures have been converted into USD

    • Total solar panel production capacity (installed)

    As of December 2023, the total installed PV capacity of solar panels Poland reached 17.05 GW.7

    Total solar panel production capacity (projected)

    By the end of 2025, Poland’s total installed PV capacity is projected to grow to 26.8 GW.8

    Average costs of various electricity generation sources (coal, natural gas, solar, etc)

    • Coal Generation: The rise in coal prices, coupled with the dominance of coal in Poland’s electricity generation mix, has contributed significantly to the increase in overall electricity prices.9
    • Natural Gas Generation: In the second half of 2023, the natural gas price dropped to approximately 7.68 euro cents per kilowatt-hour.10
    • Solar Generation: On average, ground-mounted systems cost around 60.3 USD/MWh, while rooftop installations cost around 89.4 USD/MWh.11
    • Wind Generation: The price is estimated at approximately $100/MWh for Case A (Auction System).12
    • Hydropower Generation: The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) was approximately $0.05 per kilowatt-hour (kWh).13

    Percentages of various electricity generation sources (coal, natural gas, solar, etc)

    • Hard Coal 43% and Brown Coal 20.8%
    • Gas: 8.5%
    • Oil: 1.7%
    • Wind: 14.5%
    • Solar: 8.7%
    • Biomass: 1.4%
    • Hydropower: 1.3%14

    Average daily availability of electricity from the national grid (measured in hours)

    While precise data on average daily grid availability in Poland is not readily available, challenges like increasing demand and grid congestion are potential factors affecting its continuous availability.15

    Number of residential solar panel installations

    As of the first quarter of 2023, Poland has 1.2 million residential solar installations, an increase of over 41% year-on-year.8

    Total number of solar farms (installed and projected)

    As of the first quarter of 2023, there were 3.4 thousand PV farms in operation in Poland, with a total installed capacity of 3.35 GW. Small installations (50-1,000 kW) accounted for 21% of the total installed PV capacity.8

    Off-grid market demand for solar panels (current and projected)

    Poland has 1,131,973 micro-installations (under 50 kW) of solar panels as of August 2022.16

    On-grid market demand for solar panels (current and projected)

    By the end of the third quarter of 2023, Poland had 18 GW of solar PV projects with grid connection approvals issued across a total of 6,929 projects.17 As of March 31, 2023, 6.2 GW of planned project capacity had secured building permits, while the capacity of those with grid connection approvals added up to 6.7 GW.18

    Average monthly income of workers in solar industry (labor cost)

    • Solar Engineers: The typical annual salary is around $21,495.76 USD, with a range from about $10,295 USD to $35,915 USD.19
    • Solar Energy System Installers: The average gross salary is approximately $26,950 USD per year, which equates to an hourly rate of $12.95 USD. They also receive an average bonus of $480 USD.20

    Population of the country

    Poland’s population stands at approximately 40,222,661 people as of June 26, 2024.21

    Average overhead costs of solar panel production (with a brief breakdown)

    Factory Rent
    Factory rent costs in Poland vary by region. As of Q1 2024:44

    • Warsaw: $6.16 to $8.40 per square meter (sqm) per month
    • Central Poland (Łódź): $3.70 to €5.04 per sqm

    Mortgage Costs
    The average mortgage credit interest rate in Poland was 7.58% in March 2024.45

    Industrial Electricity Rates
    The average electricity cost for industrial consumers in Poland is around $0.13€ to $0.15 per kilowatt-hour (kWh). This can vary slightly based on the consumption level and the specific electricity provider.46

    Water Costs
    The average price for water and sewage in Poland’s largest cities was $3.03 per cubic meter in 2023. Although this data specifically relates to urban consumption, it provides insight into the general cost of water in Poland.47

    Administrative Costs

    Salaries and Wages:

    • Solar Engineers: Annual salary is around $21,495.76.19
    • Solar Energy System Installers: The average gross salary is approximately $26,950 per year, which equates to an hourly rate of $12.95.20

    A summary of the energy infrastructure

    • Renewable Energy Transition: Poland is witnessing a substantial growth in renewable energy sources, particularly solar PV. However, grid congestion poses a challenge to further expansion. 22
    • Transmission System: Poland’s TSO, Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne (PSE), a fully state-owned is responsible for grid management and security. The transmission grid, operating at 345 kV and 765 kV, supplied 132.7 TWh in 2020. PSE is investing $3.2 billion to expand and modernize the grid. 23
    • Capacity Market: Poland employs a capacity market to ensure adequate electricity supply. 23
    • Infrastructure Challenges: Poland faces infrastructure challenges, including grid congestion and the need for modernization, to support the integration of renewable energy sources. 23

    Some of the government regulations surrounding solar panel production

    Poland has regulations in place to govern the installation and connection of solar PV systems, focusing on:

    • Certification for Installers: To ensure quality and safety, installers of small solar PV systems need to obtain certification through exams conducted by the Polish Technical Inspection Office (UDT).24
    • Building Permit Exemptions: For solar systems up to a certain capacity (50 kW initially, later increased to 150 kW), building permits are not required, streamlining the installation process.25
    • Grid Connection Requirements: Connecting a solar PV system to the grid involves obtaining grid connection conditions (GCC) from the DSO or TSO, followed by a grid connection agreement (GCA) that defines the timeline for connection works. An advance payment of $6,750 per MW is required for securing the GCC.26

    Government initiatives in solar panel production (includes investments and subsidies)

    Financial Incentives and Support Programs
    Poland has implemented a range of financial incentives and support programs to promote solar PV adoption, including grant programs like „Mój Prąd 4.0,“ subsidies for PV systems, and a net billing system for selling excess generation to the grid.27

    Regulatory Support and Tax Benefits
    The government provides robust regulatory support through measures like expanding „balancing“ programs (net metering) to support prosumers and reducing VAT for solar power systems from the standard 23% to 8%.16 Additionally, purchase and installation costs are deductible from income tax, making solar investments more attractive.28

    State-Supported Auctions for Large-Scale Installations
    To encourage large-scale solar development, state-supported auctions are conducted, with winning projects receiving funding for construction.28

    Targeted Incentive Programs for Specific Sectors
    Specific programs, such as Agroenergia, offer low-interest loans and subsidies to farmers for installing solar power systems, demonstrating a sector-specific approach.28

    Notable solar projects in the country (installed and projected)

    Installed Solar Projects

    • Witnica Solar Park: This 64 MW solar farm located in Witnica, near the German border, is being built without any government subsidies and will sell electricity to a local cement factory through a PPA. Construction began in 2022, and the project is expected to be completed by 2024.29
    • Tauron Polska Energia: Tauron started construction on a 100 MW solar farm in the northwestern region of Postomino. The farm will be connected to an existing wind farm in Marszewo. It’s the company’s first cable pooling project, consisting of 135,000 panels with a capacity of 665 Wp each. Tauron is also building two other solar farms: one in Proszowek (55 MW capacity) and the second stage of the farm in Myslowice (approximately 60 MW capacity).30
    • ZE PAK: ZE PAK transformed a former coal site into Poland’s largest solar power plant. Located in Adamów brown coal mine in Turek, the 70 MW facility comprises 155,554 photovoltaic modules.31

    Projected Solar Projects

    • Pomeranian Solar Park: The Pomeranian Voivodeship Solar PV Park is a ground-mounted solar project spanning over 140 hectares. With a capacity of 117 MW, it is currently at the financed stage and is expected to commence construction in 2025, with commercial operation targeted for 2026. Once operational, it will supply clean energy to approximately 65,000 households. The project is being developed and owned by PAD RES, a real estate development company specializing in renewable energy projects and infrastructure investments.32
    • NeoInvestments Solar PV Park: This 600 MW solar farm is located in Greater Poland and is currently in the permitting stage. It is expected to enter commercial operation in 2026.33
    • PGE Polska Solar PV Park: Located in Lodz, the 600 MW solar farm is expected to come online by 2024.33
    • Doral Poland Solar Power Project: Currently under construction, the 430.50 MW solar farm is expected to be operational in 2024.33
    • R Power Poland Solar PV Park: This 400 MW solar farm is currently under construction and is expected to be commissioned by 2025.33
    • Gaworzyce Solar PV Project: Located in Poland, the 380 MW solar farm is currently in the announced stage and is expected to be commissioned by 2026.33
    • TotalEnergies’ Acquisition Solar Project: TotalEnergies acquired several solar farms under development in northern and western Poland. The combined capacity of these projects is 200 MW. These solar farms are expected to come online by 2025.34

    Some of the notable solar companies (plus brief details on what they do)

    • Poland Green Energy S.A. – A leading solar energy company providing solar panel installation, maintenance, and related services. They have been operating in the market since 2010 and have a strong presence across Poland.35
    • IBC SOLAR POLAND Sp. z o.o. – A prominent solar energy company specializing in the installation and servicing of solar panel systems. Established in 2015, they are a subsidiary of the German-based IBC SOLAR AG.36
    • Felicity Solar Poland SP.ZO.O. – A solar energy company focused on providing comprehensive solar solutions, including panel installation and project management. Founded in 2018, they serve both residential and commercial clients37
    • Sonnedix Poland – A subsidiary of the global renewable energy company Sonnedix, they develop, own, and operate solar power plants across Poland. Established in 2020, they are a major player in the utility-scale solar market.38
    • Polski Solar – A solar energy company specializing in the installation of rooftop and ground-mounted solar systems for homes and businesses. Operating since 2012, they have a strong regional presence in the Wrocław area.39
    • Solair Energy – A solar energy company providing a range of services, including system design, installation, and maintenance. They have been serving the market since 2016, catering to both the residential and commercial sectors.40
    • Great Solar – A solar energy company focused on the installation of high-quality solar panels and systems for homes and businesses. Founded in 2014, they have a strong presence in the southern regions of Poland.41
    • Solarna Polska – A solar energy company specializing in the installation and maintenance of solar power systems. Established in 2011, they have a strong focus on the Warsaw metropolitan area.42
    • KENSOL – A Polish solar panel manufacturer and project developer, specializing in the design, production, and installation of photovoltaic systems. Founded in 1992.43

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